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English to Spanish: Parliamentary Network for Nuclear Disarmament
Source text - English 6. Nuclear disarmament and the US presidential candidates
For perhaps the first time since the end of the Cold War, nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament has become a major issue in the US presidential campaign. Democrat and Republican contenders are constructing and expressing a variety of positions on the wisdom of the Iraq war – ostensibly undertaken to deal with a threat from Iraq’s (no-longer-existent) weapons of mass destruction – on approaches to dealing with Iran’s developing nuclear capability, and on how far the US should go for nuclear disarmament.
On the Democratic side, Dennis Kucinich, the most avidly anti-nuclear hopeful, has called for a global treaty to abolish nuclear weapons, has introduced a bill supporting this call, co-sponsored a bill disavowing the preventive use of force as a counter-proliferation measure, and sponsored related acts on prevention of an arms race in outer space and on the establishment of a Department for Peace.
John Edwards, at a campaign speech at the Council on Foreign Relations in June, publicly supported the proposal made by Kissinger, Schultz, Nunn and Perry that the US exert leadership in establishing a nuclear-weapons-free world. Edwards stated that “I would want to associate myself with the concepts that are conveyed by Kissinger, Sam Nunn and others in the op-ed piece. I thought it was very thoughtful. And I think essentially what they said … was that we should aspire to a nuclear-free world. I agree with that.” (See John Edwards Abolitionist, The Nation). At the Iowa Presidential Debate on August 19, Edwards affirmed that as President he would “lead an international effort to eliminate nuclear weapons.” (See video clip of Edwards on nuclear abolition)
Barak Obama affirmed the goal of a nuclear weapons free world in a speech in Chicago on October 2. Obama said that “Here's what I'll say as President: America seeks a world in which there are no nuclear weapons” and that “the best way to keep America safe is not to threaten terrorists with nuclear weapons - it's to keep nuclear weapons and nuclear materials away from terrorists.”
Obama recently co-introduced with Chuck Hagel a senate bill which would strengthen measures against terrorist access to nuclear weapons and fissile materials, support the efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and establish an international fuels bank to prevent the development of proliferation-sensitive facilities in new countries. Obama has also stated that nuclear weapons should not be used in any way that could impact on civilians – and that he cannot envisage a use that would not affect civilians.
Senator Hillary Clinton, widely perceived as the front-runner for nomination has recently indicated she will preside over some cuts in nuclear arsenals. However she qualified this by stating those will not be very deep in order to not provide an ‘incentive’ for other states to attempt to match nuclear arsenals. Clinton also refused to rule out the possible use of nuclear weapons in the war on terror, specifically against alleged Al-Qaeda training camps in Pakistan. “"I don't believe that any president should make any blanket statements with respect to the use or non-use of nuclear weapons."
On the Republican side the presidential contenders are generally more supportive of the possible threat or use of force against Iran and less supportive of nuclear disarmament measures. On October 16 both Rudy Giuliani and John McCain said they would be prepared as president to use military force against Iran to prevent it from getting nuclear weapons. (See Giuliani, McCain Say Iran Won't Get Nukes). Texas Congressman Ron Paul is the only Republican candidate who opposed the war against Iraq, and is also opposed to the use of force, including any use of nuclear weapons, against Iran.
Translation - Spanish 6. Desarme nuclear y candidatos presidenciales de los EEUU
Tal vez por primera vez desde el fin de la Guerra Fría, la no-proliferación y el desarme se han convertido en uno de los grandes temas de la campaña presidencial estadounidense. Los candidatos demócratas y republicanos están expresando sus posiciones sobre las ya no existentes armas de destrucción masiva en posesión de Irak, sobre políticas para manejar la capacidad nuclear en desarrollo de Irán y en cómo lograr que EEUU logre su desarme nuclear.
Por el partido demócrata, Dennis Kucinich, gran entusiasta anti-nuclear, ha convocado a crear un tratado global para abolir las armas nucleares, ha presentado una ley en apoyo a esta convocatoria, ha co-auspiciado una ley repudiando el uso preventivo de la fuerza como contra-medida de proliferación , y ha alentado acciones relativas a la prevención de la carrera armamentista en el espacio exterior y el establecimiento de un Departamento para la Paz.
John Edwards, en un discurso en una campaña en el Consejo de Relaciones Internacionales en junio, apoyó públicamente la propuesta realizada por Kissinger, Schultz, Nunn y Perry en el sentido de que EEUU se podría establecer como líder de un mundo libre de armas nucleares. Edwards señaló “Quisiera unirme a los conceptos expresados por Kissinger, Sam Nunn y otros en esta opinión editorial. Pienso que fueron muy considerados. Y pienso que esencialmente lo que ellos dicen… es que debemos aspirar a un mundo libre de armas nucleares. Estoy de acuerdo con eso.” (Ver John Edwards Abolitionist, La Nación). En el Debate Presidencial de Iowa el 19 de agosto, Edwards afirmó que como Presidente él “lideraría un esfuerzo internacional para eliminar las armas nucleares.” (Ver video clip de Edwards sobre abolición nuclear)
Barak Obama mencionó el objetivo de un mundo libre de armas nucleares en un discurso en Chicago el 2 de octubre. Obama dijo “He aquí lo que tengo que decir como Presidente: EEUU busca un mundo en el que no haya armas nucleares” y “la mejor forma de mantener a EEUU seguro no es amenazar a los terroristas con armas nucleares sino mantener las armas y materiales nucleares lejos de los terroristas.”
Obama recientemente co-introdujo junto con Chuck Hagel una ley en el senado que fortalecería las medidas contra el acceso terrorista a las armas nucleares y a los materiales fisibles, apoyaría los esfuerzos de la Agencia Internacional de Energía Atómica (IAEA) y establecería un banco de combustible internacional para prevenir el desarrollo de instalaciones de proliferación en nuevos países. Obama también afirmó que las armas nucleares no deberán ser utilizadas de ningún modo en que puedan impactar sobre civiles, y que él no se imagina un uso que no involucre a civiles.
La Senadora Hillary Clinton, quien es ampliamente percibida como postulante a una nominación presidencial, ha indicado recientemente que va a alentar la reducción de los arsenales nucleares. Sin embargo, afirmó tales reducciones no serían muy profundas, para no incentivar a otros estados a intentar copiar tales arsenales. Clinton también rechazó descartar el posible uso de armas nucleares en una Guerra contra el terror, específicamente contra los supuestos campos de entrenamiento de Al-Qaeda en Pakistán:”No creo que ningún presidente deba realizar declaraciones muy ambiciosas respecto al uso o al no uso de armas nucleares."
Del bando republicano los postulantes presidenciales tienden a apoyar más claramente la posible amenaza o uso de la fuerza contra Irán y menos las medidas de desarme nuclear. El 16 de octubre tanto Rudy Giuliani como John McCain dijeron que estarían preparados como presidentes para utilizar la fuerza militar contra Irán para impedir que éste adquiriera armas nucleares. (Ver Giuliani, McCain afirman que Irán no obtendrá cabezas nucleares). El congresista de Tejas Ron Paul es el único candidato republicano que se opone a la Guerra con Irak y también al uso de la fuerza, incluyendo cualquier uso de armas nucleares contra Irán.
English to Spanish: The Chilean Economy General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Finance (general)
Source text - English The Chilean economy has experienced a slowdown in recent years as a result of a lower global growth in general and a drop in copper demand in particular. With the end of the commodity super-cycle, Chile may face lower medium- and long-term growth prospects (IMF, 2015). This reduces the resources available for public investment. On the other hand, the right infrastructure investment, performed well, can contribute to productivity growth. In addition, Chile may benefit from a rebalancing of its economy from the export of natural resources to manufacturing and services. Infrastructure will have an important role to play in supporting economic diversification. Choices regarding what infrastructure to build will therefore need to be informed by a vision of the evolving structure of the Chilean economy
Translation - Spanish La economía chilena ha experimentado una desaceleración en los últimos años como resultado de un menor crecimiento global a nivel general y de una caída en la demanda del cobre a nivel particular. Luego del fin del superciclo de los commodities, Chile podría enfrentar menores perspectivas de crecimiento a mediano y largo plazo (FMI, 2015). Esto reduciría los recursos disponibles para la inversión pública. Por otro lado, la inversión adecuada en infraestructura, bien realizada, puede contribuir al crecimiento de la productividad. Además, Chile podría beneficiarse con un reequilibrio de su economía, tanto en lo relativo a la exportación de recursos naturales como a la manufactura o servicios. La infraestructura tendrá un importante papel en apoyo de la diversificación económica. Por lo tanto, las opciones relativas a la infraestructura a construir deberán considerar esta visión de una estructura económica 0en constante evolución.
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Master's degree - University of Geneve, Switzerland
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Years of experience: 35. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 1999.
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