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Source text - English In the absence of visualisation of parasites in CSF, the early and late stages (stages 1 and 2) of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are differentiated by a patient’s CSF white cell count. Treatment varies according to stage. In 2002/3, the Republic of Congo increased the threshold separating stage 1 and 2 cases from 5 to 10 cells/mm3. We assessed a cohort of stage 1 patients treated for human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the Republic of Congo between April 2001 and April 2005. We aimed to assess whether the increase in threshold was a safe indicator of stage 2 disease.
Methods: Patients were enrolled through passive case detection at fixed sites and active case detection by mobile teams systematically screening villages. Diagnosis involved screening (card agglutination trypanosomiasis test [CATT] test with whole blood), confirmation (visualisation of the parasite [in blood or lymph] or a positive result with CATT dilution of 1 in 8), and staging (parasite found in CSF or CSF white cell count). Patients with CSF of 0-10 cells/mm3 (initially 0-5 pre September 2002) were classed as stage 1 and treated with pentamidine. Patients with CSF of >10 cells/mm3 (initially >5 pre September 2002) were classed as stage 2 and treated with either melarsoprol or eflornithine.
Translation - French En l’absence de visualisation des parasites dans le liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR), les stades premiers et seconds (phase 1 et phase 2) de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine (dite ‘maladie du sommeil’) se distinguent par le nombre de globules blancs présents dans le LCR du patient. Le traitement varie en fonction du stade de la maladie. En 2002/2003, la République du Congo a modifié le seuil démarquant la phase 1 de la phase 2 en augmentant celui-ci de 5 cellules par mm3 à 10 cellules par mm3. Nous avons étudié un groupe de patients en phase 1 traités pour la trypanosomiase humaine africaine à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense entre avril 2001 et avril 2005 dans la République du Congo. Notre objectif était de déterminer si ce seuil plus élevé était un marqueur de détermination fiable de la phase 2 de la maladie.
Méthodes: Les patients ont été recrutés par le biais de détection passive dans des centres fixes et de détection active par des unités mobiles testant systématiquement les villages. Le diagnostic était basé sur un examen de dépistage (test d’agglutination des trypanosomes sur carte (‘CATT’) sur sang total), la confirmation (après visualisation parasitologique [dans le sang ou la lymphe] ou un CATT positif à un seuil de 1/8) et la classification de la maladie (avec parasite présent dans le LCR ou par le nombre de globules blancs dans le LCR). Les patients ayant une cytorachie (comptage de globules blancs) du LCR comprise entre 0 et 10 cellules par mm3 (ou entre 0 et 5 avant septembre 2002) étaient classés au stade 1 et traités à la pentamidine. Les patients avec une cytorachie supérieure à 10 cellules par mm3 dans le LCR (ou supérieure à 5 avant septembre 2002) étaient classés au stade 2 et traités au mélarsoprol ou à l’éflornithine.
English to French (City University London) English to French (Université Michel de Montaigne) English to French (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations)) English to French (City University London) English to French (Chartered Institute of Linguists, verified)
English to French (Société française des Traducteurs)
Qualified English to French Translator with over 18 years experience in legal, business and media translation
Holder of a Diploma in Translation from the Chartered Institute of Linguists (with Merit in 3 papers)
Member of the Société française des Traducteurs
Specialist fields:
CONTRACTS
Memorandum of Association, Sales agreements, Maintenance agreements, Service agreements, Shareholders contracts, Shipping contracts, Purchase orders, Contracts of employment, Rental contracts
LEGAL DOCUMENTS
Powers of attorney, Judgements, Wills, Marriage certificates, Birth certificates, Divorce certificates, Death certificates, Pre-nuptial certificates, Endorsement certificates, Shareholders nominations
REPORTS / BUSINESS DOCUMENTS
Company annual reports, Financial reports, Strategic reports, Consultancy reports, Sales reports, Marketing reports, Risk analyses, Management reports, Property Development reports, Product Specification Reports, Trade Union reports, Legal 500 (legal directory), Letters of sale, Letters of resignation, Letters of complaint, Letters of appointment, Minutes of meetings
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