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Sample translations submitted: 1
Italian to English: 'THE ORGANIZATIONS PENAL RESPONSIBILITY': THE DOGMATIC FUNDAMENTALS
Source text - Italian I- Premessa.
Societàs delinquere non potest un ‘dogma’ della scienza penalistica italiano. — Negli anni ‘70 un indimenticabile Maestro, in uno scritto guida per chiunque veglia avventurarsi nei terreni scabrosi di questa materia, si interrogava sui costi che la collettività deve pagare se vuole che sia iino in fonde rispettato il principale che concede alle persone giuridiche la massima liberta di espressione, compresa quella di commettere reati. Sono passati 30 anni da quando Bricola si poneva l’inquietante dilemma della responsabilità penale delle imprese e gran parte della dottrina è tuttora profondamente restia a legittimare il principia societas delinquere potest nel nostro sistema. Come é noto, il blocco è rappresentato dall’art, 27 della Costituzione, che sancendo il principio della personalità della responsabilità penale ed il principio rieducativo, verrebbe a risparmiare la persona giuridica dall’intervento del legislatore penale. Lo stesso disagio percepibile in dottrina si ritrova, da sempre, nelle scelte del legislatore. Anche recentemente, nonostante gli impulsi internazionali le pressioni di politica criminale, il decreto legislativo n. 231/2001 ha introdotto nell’ordinamento un meccanismo di responsabilità da reato della persona giuridica che, benché attrezzata delle garanzie del diritto penale, é stata qualificata dal legislatore come "responsabilità amministrativa". Si tratta di un tipo di responsabilità che, pur presentando delle caratteristiche non incasellabili completamente nello schema dell’illecito amministrativo, risulta assolutamente eccentrica alla struttura del diritto penale. La situazione spirituale della scienza penalistica italiana é già stata fotografata da altri6. Non e però inutile rivedere sinteticamente l’evoluzione del pensiero dottrinale e le opzioni legislative cosi come si sono imposte e cristallizzate nel corso degli anni.
Translation - English I - Introduction.
Societàs delinquere non potest: a 'dogma' of the Italian penal science. — In the 70’s an unforgettable author, in a writing which is a guide for whoever wants to venture in the delicate territories of this subject, examined the costs which must be paid by the community in order for the principle which allows the maximum liberty of expression to juristic people to be respected, including that of committing crimes. 30 years have passed since Bricola pondered the disturbing dilemma of the penal responsibility of companies and a big part of this doctrine is still profoundly unwilling to legitimize the principia societas delinquere potest in our system. As noted, the obstacle is represented by article 27 of the Constitution, which sanctions the principle of the personality of penal responsibility and of the rehabilitation principle, which would save the juristic person from the interference of the penal legislator. The same discomfort perceptible in the doctrine is found, as always, in the legislator’s choices. Even recently, despite the international impulses of the pressures of criminal politics, the legislative decree n. 231/2001 has introduced in the system a mechanism of criminal responsibility of the juristic person which, even though has been equipped with the guarantees of penal law, it has been described by the legislator as an “administrative responsibility”. It concerns a type of responsibility which, although presents the characteristics which have not been completely classified in the layout of the illicit administrative, it results as completely eccentric to the penal law structure. The spiritual situation of the Italian penal science has already been captured by others. It is nevertheless not futile to tautly reassess the evolution of doctrinal thought and the legislative options as they have been imposed and crystallized throughout the years.
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Bachelor's degree - Queen Mary University of London
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Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2019.
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I often get asked: "Where are you from?"
a question that is not always easy to answer: I was born to a Bulgarian mother and a Greek father, spent most of my childhood in Greece and my teenage years and adulthood in the United Kingdom. I am what you would call a "third culture kid".
The term, coined by the American sociologist Ruth Hill Useem, refers to a person who has spent a significant part of their formative years outside their parents’ culture. People like me who fit that bill have a tendency to mix and merge their birth culture with their adopted culture, creating one of their own: a third culture.
Growing up with an array of different languages around me, I was always fascinated by the spoken word and the differences of expressing oneself in a variety of languages. I felt that the best way to express this love for languages was to become an Interpreter and Translator.
After 12 years of freelancing in different countries, I decided to share this passion with other fellow linguists by starting my own translation agency: Lost In Translation is a product of all of the above and more.