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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
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Services
Translation, Editing/proofreading
Expertise
Specializes in:
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Medical: Health Care
Nutrition
Volunteer / Pro-bono work
Open to considering volunteer work for registered non-profit organizations
Rates
English to Finnish - Standard rate: 0.12 EUR per word / 35 EUR per hour Finnish to English - Standard rate: 0.12 EUR per word / 35 EUR per hour Spanish to Finnish - Standard rate: 0.12 EUR per word / 35 EUR per hour Swedish to Finnish - Standard rate: 0.12 EUR per word / 35 EUR per hour
English to Finnish: My PhD thesis abstract translated from English to Finnish General field: Science Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English Several serious diseases remain without non-toxic curative treatments. To fill this void, one of the promising groups of medicines is that of oligonucleotides, encompassing aptamers, transcription factor decoys, and antisense therapeutics such as short interfering RNA and splice-correcting oligonucleotides. These short strands of DNA or RNA can bind to specific cellular nucleic acids or proteins and thereby inhibit or correct the function of disease-causing molecules. Extensive enzymatic degradation and poor cellular uptake are the most important obstacles for systemic oligonucleotide therapy. Numerous chemical modifications have been introduced to improve enzymatic stability, but they must be carefully optimized to avoid toxicity and to maintain target affinity. One solution is to design topological modifications, such as looped or circular oligonucleotides, which conserve the natural phosphodiester backbone but cannot be attacked by exonucleases.
Cellular uptake has proven to be even more challenging. Oligonucleotides are internalized into cells by endocytosis, after which they often remain trapped in endosomes. Therefore, it would be advantageous to develop delivery vectors capable of bypassing endocytic routes of uptake or enhancing endosomal escape. Cell-penetrating peptides, for example, exploit several mechanisms of uptake, some of which lead to rapid entry without endosomal localization. In addition, encouraging results have been achieved using liposomes, gold nanoparticles, and other nanocarriers, which also shield the oligonucleotide from degrading enzymes.
The aim of this work was to improve the in vitro delivery of oligonucleotides by employing chemical modifications and nanoparticle carriers. The synthesis of the compounds, their characterization by various analytical methods, and the evaluation of biological effects are described. Antisense oligonucleotides covalently linked to cell-penetrating peptides via convergent conjugation displayed improved cellular uptake but failed to inhibit reporter genes due to endosomal entrapment in cells. Circular oligonucleotides exhibited enhanced selectivity of mismatch detection and increased stability in biological fluids compared to linear oligonucleotides. Altogether 44 compounds were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which were found to be excellent methods for the characterization of modified oligonucleotides. Finally, we synthesized cationic gold nanoparticles modified with a Tat-related peptide, which did not adversely affect cell viability and effectively delivered short interfering RNA into cells as non-covalent complex.
Translation - Finnish Yhä edelleenkin on useita vakavia sairauksia, joilta puuttuu turvallinen parantava hoitokeino. Yksi lupaava keino tämän puutteen korjaamiseksi on oligonukleotidien lääkeaineryhmä, joka käsittää aptameerit, transkriptiofaktorisyötit ja antisense-lääkkeet; viimeksi mainittuun alaryhmään kuuluvat muun muassa pienet häiritsevät RNA:t ja silmukointia korjaavat oligonukleotidit. Nämä lyhyet DNA- tai RNA-säikeet pystyvät sitoutumaan tiettyihin nukleiinihappoihin tai proteiineihin solussa ja siten estämään tai korjaamaan tautia aiheuttavien molekyylien toimintaa. Systeemisen oligonukleotidihoidon tärkeimmät esteet ovat liiallinen hajoaminen entsyymien vaikutuksesta ja huono soluunotto. Entsymaattista stabiiliutta on pyritty parantamaan lukuisilla kemiallisilla rakennemuunnoksilla, mutta muunnokset on optimoitava huolella toksisuuden välttämiseksi ja kohdeaffiniteetin säilyttämiseksi. Yksi ratkaisu on suunnitella topologisia muunnoksia kuten silmukallisia tai rengasmaisia oligonukleotideja, joissa luonnollinen fosfodiesteriranka on tallella mutta suojattuna eksonukleaaseilta.
Soluunotto on osoittautunut vieläkin suuremmaksi haasteeksi. Oligonukleotidit otetaan solun sisään endosytoosin avulla, minkä jälkeen ne usein jäävät loukkuun endosomien sisään. Siksi olisi edullista kehittää saattomenetelmiä, joilla voitaisiin kiertää endosyyttiset soluunottoreitit tai tehostaa ulospääsyä endosomeista. Esimerkiksi soluun penetroituvat peptidit pääsevät solun sisään useilla eri mekanismeilla, joista osa johtaa nopeaan soluunottoon ilman joutumista endosomeihin. Niiden lisäksi on saatu lupaavia tuloksia myös liposomeilla, kultananopartikkeleilla ja muilla nanokantajilla, jotka samalla suojaavat oligonukleotidia hajottavilta entsyymeiltä.
Tämän työn tavoitteena oli parantaa oligonukleotidien soluunottoa in vitro käyttämällä kemiallisia rakennemuunnoksia ja nanopartikkelikantajia. Työssä kuvaillaan yhdisteiden synteesi, niiden karakterisointi eri analyysimenetelmillä sekä biologisten vaikutusten tutkiminen. Antisense-oligonukleotidien kovalentti liittäminen soluun penetroituviin peptideihin konvergentillä konjugointimenetelmällä johti parantuneeseen soluunottoon, mutta konjugaatit eivät kyenneet estämään reportterigeenejä jäätyään loukkuun endosomeihin soluissa. Rengasmaiset oligonukleotidit osoittautuivat lineaarisia oligonukleotideja selektiivisemmiksi pistemutaatioiden detektiossa ja stabiilimmiksi biologisissa nesteissä. Kaiken kaikkiaan 44 yhdistettä analysoitiin sähkösumutusionisaatio-massaspektrometrialla ja nestekromatografia-massaspektrometrialla, jotka osoittautuivat erinomaisiksi menetelmiksi rakennemuunneltujen oligonukleotidien karakterisointiin. Lopuksi syntetisoimme Tat-sukuisella peptidillä muokattuja kationisia kultananopartikkeleita, jotka eivät vaikuttaneet haitallisesti solujen elävyyteen ja olivat tehokkaita avustamaan pienen häiritsevän RNA:n soluunotossa ei-kovalenttina kompleksina.
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Experience
Years of experience: 6. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2019.
memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Trados Studio
Professional objectives
Meet new end/direct clients
Meet new translation company clients
Learn more about translation / improve my skills
Get help on technical issues / improve my technical skills
Get help with terminology and resources
Work for non-profits or pro-bono clients
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Bio
Hi everybody!
I'm a native Finnish speaker with a PhD in pharmacy and 20 years of experience in scientific writing. Languages, writing & teaching are my passion, and I have a special talent for spotting spelling and grammar errors.
I translate Finnish to English (UK/US) and vice versa. In addition to general subject areas, my specialties include pharmacy, medicine, chemistry and science.
My usual rate is $0.12 per word. Do not hesitate to contact me for a quote! Also ask about proofreading, editing or translating from Spanish or Swedish.
Keywords: finnish, pharmaceutical, science, chemistry, medical
