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logique d'enclenchement
This question was closed without grading. Reason: Answer found elsewhere
Nov 25, 2012 18:35
11 yrs ago
2 viewers *
French term

terme de pointe

French to English Tech/Engineering Construction / Civil Engineering Deep foundations for wind turbines
I know exactly to what this is referring since I have found the definition in French. Here it is:

"La fondation profonde présente une surface d'appui sur l'horizon d'assise égale à sa
section. Cette surface d'appui engendre une réaction du sol que l'on appelle terme de
pointe."

Unfortunately, I have not been able to find an English translation for "terme de pointe". Can anyone enlighten me?
Many thanks in advance.
Proposed translations (English)
3 cone resistance
References
More explanation
Change log

Nov 25, 2012 18:36: David Hayes changed "Restriction Fields" from "specialty" to "working"

Discussion

David Hayes (asker) Nov 29, 2012:
Yes, I followed Bourth and opted for "base resistance". See also the use of "terme de pointe" in the following document: http://portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/d...
kashew Nov 29, 2012:
@ David Hi, What was your eventual translation: ground reaction?
OK, I've just seen the Bourth message ;-)
David Hayes (asker) Nov 29, 2012:
BD Finch, you are doubtless right about what "toe" generally means in a technical context, but some authors have recommended the term for pile tips, precisely for the reasons quoted by Kashew. Since the top end is commonly known as the "pile head", it seems logical that "pile toe" could be used to refer to the bottom end.
B D Finch Nov 26, 2012:
@kashew OK, these toes clearly resemble ballerinas on point!
kashew Nov 26, 2012:
If we are talking piles: See page 3 in
http://www.arcelormittal.com/spundwand/uploads/files/AMCRPS_...
They use the term Toe resistance.
B D Finch Nov 26, 2012:
Toes and resistance The term "toe" generally means something sticking out at right angles or thereabouts from the vertical foundation.

In this case, the resistance is the ground resistance specifically to the cross-section "surface d'appui sur l'horizon d'assise égale à sa section" of the deep foundation: "réaction du sol que l'on appelle terme de pointe. "So it is not a point and it doesn't sound like a pointed pile. It is important to retain the term "reaction" rather than "resistance" as not all resistance is "reaction". This is really a Bourth question.
kashew Nov 26, 2012:
Tip or Toe? http://www.geoforum.com/info/pileinfo/ Lower End of a Pile
The word "tip" is easily confused with "top", should the latter term be used... A case-in-point is provided by the 3rd edition (1993) of the Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, Page 289, 2nd paragraph. More important, "tip" implies a uttermost end, usually a pointed end, and piles are usually blunt-ended.
The term "end" is not good for two reasons: the pile has two ends, not just one, and, more important, "end" has a connotation of time. Thus, "end resistance" implies a "final resistance".
"Base" is not a bad term. However, it is used mainly for shallow footings, piers, and drilled-shafts. "Point" is often used for a separate rock-point, that is, a pile shoe with a hardened tip (see!) or point. Then, before driving, there is the point of the pile and on the ground next to the pile lies the separate rock-point, making a sum of two points. After driving, only one, the pile point remains. Where did the other one go? And what is meant by "at a point in the pile"? Any point or just the one at the lower end?
The preferred term is "toe", as it cannot be confused with any other term...and it can, and is, easily be combined with other terms, such as "toe resistance".
Pascale van Kempen-Herlant Nov 26, 2012:
Nouvelle suggestion terme de pointe = résistance du terrain = ground resistance
Voir l'explication que j'ai ajoutée à ANSWERS
Cette nouvelle interprétation pourrait-elle être correcte ?

Proposed translations

14 hrs

cone resistance

Suggestion
En géotechnique, on parle de "résistance de pointe" = "(static) cone resistance" en anglais.

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Note added at 14 hrs (2012-11-26 09:20:53 GMT)
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Une réf.
A cet effet, une méthode directe utilisant la résistance de pointe et le frottement latéral limite de l'essai CLT a été proposée pour calculer la capacité portante et prédire le tassement d'un pieu.
For this purpose, a direct method using the cone resistance and limit side friction of the CLT was proposed to calculate the bearing capacity, and predict the pile settlement.
Voir http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629642

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Note added at 16 hrs (2012-11-26 11:32:20 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Plus de recherches :
La définition de la charge maximale qu’on peut appliquer à une fondation profonde sans risque de rupture ni de tassement excessif important avec l’ouvrage projeté, doit se dérouler en deux phases :
- D’abord, le calcul de la résistance du terrain ou « terme de pointe »
- Ensuite, le calcul de frottement des terrains latéraux sur le fût enterré de la fondation.
La somme de ces deux termes constitue la « capacité portante».
Voir http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/Madamines4_2_.pd...

Nouvelle suggestion
terme de pointe = résistance du terrain = ground resistance

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 17 hrs (2012-11-26 11:37:23 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Autre réf. pour " ground resistance / foundations "
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378779610...
Note from asker:
Thanks. I should have pointed out that when piles are involved, my client has (wrongly in my view) insisted on "pointe de pieu" being translated as "pile tip". I agree with Kashew that "toe" would be a more unambiguous translation. This is making me think that "deep-foundation tip resistance" might cover it in this text. Bit wordy, I know.
Peer comment(s):
neutral B D Finch : I believe that "cone resistance" relates to a cone test, rather than to the actual resistance that supports a deep foundation.
1 hr
neutral kashew : I agree with BDF but can't get to propose an answer - toe resistance?
1 hr
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Reference comments

16 hrs
Reference:

More explanation

http://fr.scribd.com/doc/11204521/Les-Fondations-Profondes
Page 11 for your same extract.

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Note added at 16 heures (2012-11-26 10:58:56 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Toe resistance?
Note from asker:
Had this been submitted as an answer, it would have been awarded the points. Unfortunately, the system does not allow me to award points for the most helpful reference posting. I am therefore closing the question without awarding points. Bourth must have read BD Finch's reference comment and kindly took the trouble to send me a private email containing the following information: Terme de pointe Base resistance (of piles) [Atkinson,p310, Craig,p333] And I quote from the books referred to, on the bookshelf behind me: R.F. Craig, Soil Mechanics, Chapman & Hall – "Evidence from load tests on instrumented piles indicates that in the initial stages of loading, most of the load is supported by skin friction on the upper part of the pile. Subsequently, as the load is increased, further mobilization of skin friction takes place but gradually a greater propotion of the load is supported by base resistance ..." John Atkinson, An Introduction to the Mechanics of Soils and Foundationsn McGraw-Hill International Series in Civil Engineering – "BASE RESISTANCE OF SINGLE PILES The base resistance of single piles is given by: (formula) where qb is the bearing capacity of the toe and Ab is the area of the pile base ..." I therefore opted for the translation "base resistance"
Peer comments on this reference comment:
neutral B D Finch : No, I don't think so, a "toe" is something else. I did wonder about "point resistance", but a brief check seemed to discount that as it seemed to mean something technically different.
49 mins
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