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English to Spanish - Rates: 0.02 - 0.02 EUR per word / 25 - 30 EUR per hour Spanish to English - Rates: 0.02 - 0.02 EUR per word / 25 - 30 EUR per hour
Spanish to English: Scientific paper summary General field: Science Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - Spanish Este estudio muestra la variación temporal del régimen alimentario de la «Sardina» Triportheus angulatus, con respecto a los ciclos de inundación y vaciado del sistema fluvial que afectan estacionalmente una laguna donde habita.
Se analizaron los contenidos estomacales de ejemplares adultos de esta especie a lo largo de un ciclo anual, usando métodos tradicionales de análisis estomacal, cuyos resultados se
Translation - English This study indicates the temporal variation of the diet regime for sardine Triportheus angulatus, according to the flood pulse of the river system that seasonally floods the lagoon they inhabit.
Stomach contents analysis were conducted on adult specimens of this species throughout an annual river cycle, using traditional methods of this type of analysis, their results were globalized in an Index of Relative Importance (IRI) and stomach content data interpreted from both, ecological and taxonomical approach.
Terrestrial and arboreal material originated in the forest constituted their main feeding source, aside from the river cycle, although, its quality varied significantly between animal and plant origin, according to the progress of the flood regime.
The Index of Relative Importance characterized T. angulatus as predominantly herbivore all year long, showing a tendency towards carnivorism during the flood season.
English to Spanish: Directiva Europea de Automóviles General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Automotive / Cars & Trucks
Source text - English - The CO2 per kilometre limit is not low enough: In 1998, the car industry promised to reduce levels to 140g of CO2 per km by 2008, and 120g of CO2 per km by 2012. Ten years on it has failed to keep these promises. Emissions are 160g/km on average in 2008, and it is now suggested they will reach only 130g in 2012. We call on MEPs to fix a clear limit of 120g of CO2 per km by 2012, by law. This would represent a petrol saving of 1.5 l/100 km per car compared to the current average.
- The Directive does not fix any targets beyond 2012 to continue the reduction of CO2 emissions. We call on MEPs to fix long term objectives now of 80g of CO2 /km by 2020 and 65g CO2/km by 2025. This would mean the reduction of CO2 emissions from cars could be doubled in the long term.
- The penalty system does not do enough to encourage manufacturers to adopt the best standards. We call on MEPs to impose a fine of 150€ per gram of CO2 above the limit and per vehicle as of 2012 to act as a deterrent. The European Commission has already indicated that this level of penalty is necessary in order for all the manufacturers to respect the objectives.
The Cars Directive, as proposed, backpedals compared to previous proposals and allows the car industry to postpone its efforts to increase fuel efficiency.
The objective of 120g of CO2 /km could already be achieved. It is simply a case of each car needing to be as efficient as the most efficient car in its category already on the market!
It is important for the 2020 objective to be ambitious enough, to encourage car manufacturers to put more energy efficient cars on the market – fuel cell or electric cars for example.
These technologies are already operational. For example, General Motors delivered this with the EV1 in 1996 and today the Californian Company Teslamotors even offers an electric sports car. Numerous other brands have plans for electric cars on the drawing board which are waiting to be commercialised. Technological innovation and efficiency in the struggle against global warming must be boosted.
However, this problem does not solely concern global warming. Cars which emit less CO2 are also more economical with regards to fuel, something which is of increased significance given current high oil prices and crisis of purchasing power. According to the European Commission, the plan would allow each owner to save 2700 Euros in fuel expenses over the lifetime of the car.
Translation - Spanish - El límite de CO2 por kilómetro no es lo suficientemente bajo: en 1998, la industria automovilística prometió reducir los niveles a 140g de CO2 por km para 2008, y 120g de CO2 por km para 2012. Han pasado 10años, y no han sido capaces de mantener esta promesa. Las emisiones promedio para 2008 fueron de 160g/km, y ahora se sugiere que alcanzaran solo 130g en 2012. Solicitamos a los MPE que fijen por ley un límite claro de 120g de CO2 por km para 2012. Esto representaría un ahorro en combustible de 1.5l/100 km por coche comparado con el promedio actual.
- La Directiva no fija meta alguna más allá de 2012 para continuar con la reducción de las emisiones de CO2. Solicitamos a los MPE fijen objetivos a largo plazo de 80g de CO2/km para el 2020 y de 65g de CO2/km para 2025. Esto significaría que la reducción de emisiones provenientes de automóviles podría duplicarse en el largo plazo.
- El sistema de penalidad no es suficiente para fomentar a los fabricantes de adoptar mejores estándares. Solicitamos a los MPE que impongan una multa de 150€ por gramo de CO2 sobre el límite y por vehiculo para 2012 como medida disuasoria. La Comisión Europea ya ha indicado que este nivel de penalidad es necesario para que todos los fabricantes respeten los objetivos.
La Directiva de Automóviles, tal como está propuesta, da un paso hacia atrás comparado con propuestas previas y le permite a la industria automovilística posponer sus esfuerzos de alcanzar mejor eficiencia en el consumo de combustibles.
El objetivo de los 120g de CO2/km podría ya ser alcanzado. Es simplemente el caso de que cada automóvil nuevo sea tanto o mas eficiente que el automóvil mas eficiente que ya exista en el mercado!
Es importante para el objetivo de 2020 el ser lo suficientemente ambicioso, para alentar a los fabricantes de automóviles de colocar más automóviles eficientes en el mercado; por ejemplo vehiculos eléctricos o de célula de combustible.
Estas tecnologías ya se encuentran en operación. Por ejemplo, la General Motors lo hizo en 1996 con el modelo EV1 y hoy en día la compañía californiana Teslamotors ofrece hasta un automóvil deportivo eléctrico. Otras marcas tienen planes para automóviles eléctricos en sus mesas de dibujo que están a la espera de ser comercializados. Un empuje le debe ser dado tanto a la innovación tecnológica como a la eficiencia para así luchar contra el cambio climático.
No obstante, este problema no solo concierne al calentamiento global. Automóviles que emiten menos CO2 son también más económicos en cuanto a consumo de combustible, lo que es my significativo en vista de los actuales altos precios del crudo y la crisis económica. De acuerdo con la Comisión Europea, este plan le permitiría a cada dueño ahorrar más de 2700 euros en gastos de combustible por lo que dure la vida útil del automóvil.
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Experience
Years of experience: 26. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2008.
English to Spanish (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations))
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Software
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, PROMT 7 Professional, Powerpoint
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CV available upon request
Bio
I´m a Marine Biologist specialized in Marine Protected Areas management.
Since very young I have attended bilingual schools (english-spanish), where most of my classmates where native english speakers. My college education, even though it was in spanish, required plenty of reading and comprehension skills of the english language, since most published literature regarding science research is written in english.
I have a lot of experience translating scientific documents and research papers from a variety of fields (mostly marine science), and I´m also capable of handling translations on many other fields besides science.
I currently work in an international environmental consulting firm with an office in Madrid, though being a spanish speaking environment it requires constant interaction with foreign clients whose main language is English, and I am directly in charge of developing and reviewing content in english language to the highest technical standard.
I´m very serious about my work, and guarantee that you can have a thoroughly reviewed translated document on time!
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