littering phase
Spanish translation: etapa de camada / (etapa de cría) / (etapa de crianza)
| 00:09 Jun 7, 2022 |
| English to Spanish translations [PRO] Science - Livestock / Animal Husbandry / veterinarian | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Daniel Delgado Argentina Local time: 16:28 | ||||||
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| 4 +1 | fase de preparto |
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| 3 | tiempo de pos(t)parto |
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| 3 -1 | etapa de camada / (etapa de cría) / (etapa de crianza) |
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| Discussion entries: 1 | |
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Answers
1 hr confidence: 
tiempo de pos(t)parto Explanation: mi sugerencia -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2022-06-07 01:47:35 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents, |
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3 hrs confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1fase de preparto Explanation: Es el periodo de los pródromos de parto. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_(zoology)#:~:text=A lit... |
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12 hrs confidence: peer agreement (net): -1
peer agreement (net): -1etapa de camada / (etapa de cría) / (etapa de crianza) Explanation: La acepción de "litter" que se está utilizando es: "litter ... 5. countable noun A litter is a group of animals born to the same mother at the same time. ...a litter of pups. [+ of] " https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/litter que se traduce en español como camada (o lechigada, etc.) En el contexto de estudios de toxicidad de algo en animales gestantes, es común estudiar un subgrupo de animales donde la preñez se interrumpe en determinado momento ("caesarean group"), estudiando los fetos, y un subgrupo donde se permite el parto y la crianza hasta el destete ("littering group"), semanas luego del parto; es algo que se repite en diversos estudios publicados en este contexto: Referencia: múltiples estudios en esta búsqueda https://www.google.com/search?q="caesarean" "littering" phas... Específicamente, se aclara el tema en el artículo "Toxicity Studies in Vaccine Clinical Development and Registration": "A reproductive/developmental toxicity study is required pre-licensure if the vaccine is intended for administration to women of child-bearing potential. This study is normally conducted prior to, or concurrently with, Phase III, and included in the licensing application. The most detailed guidance for this study type is provided in the FDA 2006 guidance.5 The recommended design is a combined developmental, peri- and post-natal study and the species most often used are the rat or rabbit. An example of a typical rat study design is shown in Figure 1 and described in Barrow, and Segal et al.6,7 Immunogenicity assessments in dams, pups and foetuses are required to confirm vaccine exposure. Each test group is subdivided into a caesarean and littering phase, the former for assessment of foetal development and the latter for assessment of potential postnatal effects up to weaning." (nota: weaning: destete) https://www.technologynetworks.com/biopharma/articles/regula... El estudio específico que se está traduciendo está disponible online: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089062381... Allí en un párrafo posterior queda claro a qué se refiere con "litter" y "littering": "2.5.7. Littering data Litters in Study 1 were examined daily, starting with approximately 24 h after birth. On post-natal day (PND) 4, litters containing more than 10 offspring were reduced to 10 by random culling (whenever possible retaining 5 male and 5 female offspring in each litter). The following observations were documented: clinical signs − daily; litter size − daily from day 1–25 of age; sex ratio − on PNDs 1, 4 and 25; individual offspring BW − on PNDs 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21 and 25." Los autores utilizan la palabra "littering" dado que se trata del estudio del desarrollo de las camadas durante la lactancia, semanas luego del parto. Por este motivo, no es razonable traducirlo utilizando la palabra "posparto". -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 días 10 horas (2022-06-09 10:30:53 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- ------Respondiendo al comentario de EleoE: Leyendo el artículo original completo (disponible en https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089062381... ) puede verse que el uso que repetidamente da a la palabra "phase" es para referise al SUBGRUPO correspondiente. Este uso fuera de lo usual es lo que induce a confusión. Ejemplos de este uso: "Animals allo-cated to the embryo-fetal phase (cesarean subgroups) were sacrificed on day 20..." "Mean values of litter data for the animals allocated to the embryo-fetal phase showed no adverse changes upon corpora lutea, implantations,..." "In the animals allocated to the post-natal phase, there was no effect of treatment in any group on the sex ratio, post-natal survival, growth and physical or functional development of the offspring..." "In animals from the cesarean phase, consistent with marginally lower mean fetal weight described below, mean gravid uterine weight was marginally lower..." En otros casos, da a "phase" el uso normal como "fase". Por el uso especial que da a la palabra "phase", la frase "At the end of gestation, females in the littering phase were inspected at least twice daily for signs of parturition." hace referencia "hembras en el grupo de camada/cría/crianza", y no a una "fase". ----Respondiendo a la consulta de Carolina: Con "littering phase" o "littering subgroup" se están refiriendo al grupo que va a ser observado durante muchas semanas durante todo el período de lactancia, crianza, hasta el momento del destete cuando están dejando de ser juveniles. Por lo que la traducción como "peri-parto" sería inexacta por dos motivos. Por un lado, es un período posterior al parto (que comienza en el momento del parto y termina con el destete). Por otro lado, es un período largo, relacionado con la crianza o lactancia y no con el parto. Cuando habla de "litter", se refiere a la camada, y "littering" no lo veo utilizado como verbo sino calificando a subgrupo, etapa, etc. |
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