Puedes sustituir usable por otra palabra similar, entiendo que se refiere a la caña de azúcar que se puede vender, sacar provecho, utilizar, comercializar, etc, por lo cual es a esta masa a la que se le aplica la distribución de gastos prorrateables, etc, etc...

Aquí te dejo algunas definiciones de otras palabras,

-Zafra: sugarcane harvest/harvest time
-Caña quedada: es la que se queda porque no sirve o la maltratan durante la zafra o también la que se utiliza para semilla o forraje (alimento de animales) sugarcane as feed/sugarcane forage/sugar cane left behind.
-caña diferida: (de esta no estoy muy seguro) es el tipo de planta, y son socas y resocas. Luego de la cosecha del primer cultivo, a partir del mismo vástago, crece una serie de cultivos sucesivos –llamados caña soca. Resoca de caña de azúcar: Son los cortes que va teniendo la planta de caña de azucar. El primer corte es como planta, después al segundo corte se le llama soca y los siguientes cortes se le llaman resoca (resoca 1 resoca 2) y asi sucesivamente dependiendo de la calidad de la planta cuantos cortes permita.

liquefied sugar: I agree it is not an easy paragraph, and I am not an expert on sugarcane processes, although my country at one time was a major exporter (now most of our crop is used in the rum-making process). I hesitated between "liquidable" and "liquefied", but went with "liquefied" as to my ear, it just sounds better.


https://spanish.yourdictionary.com/liquidable
adjective

liquefiable
THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® SPANISH DICTIONARY by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2012, 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

https://www.wordmagicsoft.com/dictionary/es-en/liquidable.ph... & https://www.wordmagicsoft.com/dictionary/en-es/liquefiable.p...
Define meaning of "liquefiable": Capable of being liquefied.



English to Spanish Dictionary - https://studysite.org/dictionary/Spanish-meaning-of-liquefia...
Word Liquefiable Pronunciation
Spanish Meaning licuable; liquidable Pronunciation
capable of being liquefied / Capable of being changed from a solid to a liquid state.
Synonyms liquifiable, liquefied,
Sugar is soluble in water.

https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/43979
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcane / CODEX Standard for Sugars (PDF) (Report) http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2ie4HoT...

https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/final/c9s10-1a.pdf (page 7)
In addition to granulated sugar, other common refined sugar products include confectioners'
(powdered) sugar, brown sugar, **liquid sugar**, and edible molasses. There are about six other less common
sugar products. https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-liquid-sugar.htm#:~:text=Li...

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Note added at 53 mins (2020-06-04 13:31:12 GMT)
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Types of Sugars & Sweeteners: A Comprehensive Guidewww.webstaurantstore.com › guide › sugar-and-sweete...
Sugar is actually found in most plants, but sugarcane and sugar beets have the most ... Corn syrup is liquefied sugar created by processing cornstarch. Available ...

cane sugar vs brown sugar mainewomen.org › docs
Molasses is liquefied sugar that's spun off from white sugar crystals in a ... has the full-bodied taste of sugarcane and is much less processed, retaining a lot of ...

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Note added at 1 hr (2020-06-04 13:53:27 GMT)
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Your text (original Spanish) comes from here, I believe: https://mexico.justia.com/federales/leyes/ley-de-desarrollo-...
Artículo 25. Los acuerdos de los Comités se tomarán por mayoría de votos, excepto los que se refieran a la determinación de fechas de inicio y terminación de zafra, corte de rendimiento de los kilogramos de azúcar recuperable base estándar, descuentos y castigos de cañas, cañas diferidas y cañas quedadas, así como distribución de gastos prorrateables a la masa común de caña liquidable, que deberán adoptarse por unanimidad.

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Note added at 6 hrs (2020-06-04 19:19:16 GMT)
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caña soca is the second cutting of the sugar cane known in English as "ratoon"
https://en.pons.com/translate/english-spanish/ratoon

PDF | Sugarcane cultivation in Mexico occurs under a wide range of socioeconomic, ... de la Caña de Azúcar, CONADESUCA) and the sugarcane organizations ... 72% of the ratoons known as resoca (third crop from the first planting, > 2.5 ... Samples of 8-10 mature stalks properly base cut, topped, and free of debris, were ...


"soca" and "resoca" explained (page 31):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268805278_The_Agro-...
In addition, sugarcane in Mexico is grown in seven-year cycles, and the area planted is composed of 13% new plantings (1.5 years in age), 15% ratoons called soca (second crop from the same planting at 2.5 years old) and 72% of the ratoons known as resoca (third crop from the first planting, > 2.5 years of age) (Aguilar-Rivera et al., 2012), implying lower productivity for older plantations.

Page 38 (byproducts of sugarcane)
10. New Guidelines in the Sugarcane Value-Chain Based on the Porter´s diamond model (Porter, 2008), Aguilar-Rivera et al. (2013) described the constraints on factor conditions including the high rainfed sugarcane producing areas (more than 60% of the total), migration and low-qualified labor market, an extraordinarily low R+D+I investment percentage compared with other countries, pre-harvest burning and air pollution, stagnating low sugarcane and sucrose yields, high production costs, byproduct production is not included in the final value of the industry as a whole, and the value-chain is concentrated only on three main products: **sucrose, molasses and bagasse.**

http://firstblacks.org/en/summaries/resources-glossary/
Soca – the second crop a sugar cane plant after its first cutting
Resoca – the third crop of a sugar cane plant

Good source for language and terminology
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.884...
The Agro-Industrial Sugarcane System in Mexico: Current Status,
Challenges and Opportunities


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Note added at 8 hrs (2020-06-04 21:00:33 GMT)
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pages 159 - 160 (up to page 181, there are two articles dealing with sugar cane)
http://dicea.chapingo.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/integrac...

On the assumption that 'caña liquidable' is about sugar which dissolves easily in water and can be used for baking cakes I suggest 'soluble' to be the adjective describing the sugar cane.

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Note added at 2 days 10 hrs (2020-06-06 23:21:10 GMT)
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Entiendo que el azúcar es refinado para hacer lo ser usable y soluble para el agua del te y el café, y también para las recetas de cocina y pasteles.