http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/34440...
positive antecedent reinforcing the likelihood it happens again when postive

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2014-06-18 22:32:34 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_contingent_reinforcement

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2014-06-18 22:33:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Contingencies of reinforcement are consequences that increases, maintains, or reduces the probability that the behaviour will be repeated Positive reinforcement: when the introduction of a consequence increases or maintains the probably/frequency of a behaviour
> When you receive a bonus for your hard work it makes you want to work hard again to get the bonus
Punishment: when a consequence decreases the frequency or future probability of a specific behaviour; usually an introduction of something unfavourable
> when you get a demotion for doing failing to complete your job assignments, it makes you stop procrastinating on your assignment
Negative reinforcement: when the removalof a consequence increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a specific behaviour
> when your mom stops complaining and nagging because you cleaned your room, it would make you want to continue cleaning your room so you don't have to deal with her nagging
Extinction: when the target behaviour decreases because no consequences/reinforcements follows it
> When managers stop congratulating employees for their great performance, employees tend to slack off

When trying to motivate someone, you shoudl use positive reinforcement for positive outcomes and extinction for unfavourable outcomes because negative reinforcement and consequences creates negative emotions in people.

* where appropriate