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espanhol para inglês: El receptor infantil de donante vivo (Child recipients of living-donor transplants) General field: Medicina Detailed field: Medicina (geral)
Texto de origem - espanhol Contraindicaciones absolutas son las enfermedades de base que recidivan en el riñon trasplantado y condicionan un alto riesgo de pérdida del injerto (oxaloxis, síndrome hemolítico-urémico atípico con riesgo de recidiva, etc.).
El síndrome nefrótico (SN) corticorresistente en sus formas genéticas no es una contraindicación, dada la escasa frecuencia de recidiva. Sin embargo, el síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente no genético, con glomeruloesclerosissegmentaria y focal (GESF) es una contraindicación relativa por el alto porcentaje de recidiva en el injerto, aunque la supervivencia de éste puede ser similar a la de los pacientes sin GESF.
La incompatibilidad de grupo ABO no es actualmente una contraindicación, ya que puede realizarse el Trasplante si se lleva a cabo un protocolo específico de preparación previa para el trasplante.
El incumplimiento terapéutico en la fase prediálisis y diálisis puede ser una contraindicación temporal para el Trasplante de donante vivo, si es reiterativo y grave. El mayor riesgo de pérdida de injerto por incumplimiento se encuentra en los mayores de 12 años (un 2% entre 10-14 años frente a un 0,9% en
Tradução - inglês Absolute contraindications are the underlying diseases that recur in kidney transplantation and cause a high risk of graft loss (oxalosis, atypical haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with risk of recurrence, etc.).
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS) in its genetic form is not a contraindication, given the rarity of recurrence. However, non-genetic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a relative contraindication due to the high rate of recurrence in the graft, although graft survival may be similar to that in patients with FSGS.
ABO incompatibility is not currently a contraindication since the transplant can be performed if a specific preparation protocol is undertaken prior to the transplant.
Therapeutic failure in pre-dialysis and dialysis may be a temporary contraindication for living donor transplantation if the failure is repetitive and serious. The greatest risk of graft loss due to failure is in patients older than 12 years (2% between 10-14 years of age versus 0.9% for those under 10 years; P
espanhol para inglês: Nota de Política (Policy Note) General field: Outra Detailed field: Governo/política
Texto de origem - espanhol • Diagnóstico del Sector
Crecimiento, exportaciones y diversificación
3 El desempeño económico de Paraguay duran- te las últimas décadas ha sido bastante pobre, con excepción del auge originado por la construcción de la represa de Itaipú en la década de 1970. Solo a partir de 2003 la economía del país registró un moderado repunte, que en buena medida ha es- tado sustentado por el crecimiento de las expor- taciones. En 2006 la economía creció 4.3% y el valor en dólares de las exportaciones aumentó 12.9%. En 2007 el PIB real aumentó 6.4% y el va- lor de las exportaciones registradas se incremen- tó en 46%, principalmente como resultado de la mayor producción de soja, así como por la mejora en los precios internacionales. El crecimiento de las exportaciones, sin embargo, ha estado por debajo del promedio latinoamericano a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas (Gráfico 1).
4. La historia económica de Paraguay confirma los resultados recientes en que los episodios más importantes de crecimiento han estado asociados a una mayor dinámica exportadora (Fernández y Monge, 2004). Sin embargo, en un contexto en el que las condiciones de los mercados interna- cionales son cambiantes, son muchos los riesgos de que el progreso económico del país dependa del buen desempeño de un commodity. Y en el caso particular de Paraguay, preocupa el alto y creciente grado de concentración de la canasta exportable en unos cuantos productos agroga- naderos.
5. En efecto, en 2007 los primeros cinco renglones de exportación significaron más de tres cuartas partes del total de exportaciones, entre las cuales la soja y sus derivados concentran 47% del valor total. La soja y sus derivados no solo fueron los rubros de mayor exportación, sino también los que más crecieron: en- tre 2006 y 2007 las exportaciones de semilla, harina y aceite de soja registraron incrementos respectivos de 103%, 54% y 80%, tanto por el mayor volumen como por los mayores precios.
Tradução - inglês • Sector Diagnosis
Growth, exports, and diversification
3.Paraguay’s economic performance in recent decades has been quite poor, with the exception of a peak from the construction of the Itaipu dam in the 1970s. Since 2003, the country’s economy has registered a moderate recovery, which has been supported in good measure by the growth of exports. In 2006, the economy grew by 4.3% and the value of exports (in dollars) rose 12.9%. In 2007, the GDP rose 6.4% and the value of registered exports increased by 46%, mainly as a result of the greater production of soy, as well as an improvement in international prices. The growth of exports, nevertheless, has been below average for Latin American throughout the last two decades (Graph 1).
4. Paraguay’s economic history confirms recent results that show that the most significant periods of growth are associated with greater exportation (Fernandez and Monge, 2004). Nevertheless, in the changing international market conditions, there are many risks when a country's economic progress depends on the positive performance of a commodity. For the particular case of Paraguay, the high and growing concentration of its export basket in only a few agricultural products is troubling.
5. In 2007, the five primary exports accounted for more than three quarters of total exports. Among these primary exports were soy and its derivatives, which made up 47% of the total value. Soy and its derivatives were not only the largest exports, but also had the the greatest growth. From 2006 to 2007, the exports of seeds, flour and soybean oil registered increases of 103%, 54%, and 80% respectively, both by increased volume and higher prices.
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Bio
I am native English speaker who is fluent in Spanish with over 40 years of experience speaking both languages.
I have over 10 years of professional experience translating from Spanish to English, originally for multilingual websites and later specializing in medical translations of clinical trials, literature reviews, product information, etc.
As a former web developer, I have worked in developing and translating multilingual websites and am familiar with the methods for translating online content. I can provide translation for original html, php xhtml, xml and asp files as well as for .po and .mo translation files. Having developed Drupal content management systems, I'm also familiar with their system.
Although I specialize in medical translations, I have translated a broad ranges of topics (agriculture, shipping, education/pedagogy) for a variety of customers (Autonomous University of Madrid, the Government of Paraguay, Hospital La Paz of Madrid).
Especialização